Historic First Winter Ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035m) & First Winter Ascent of Any Karakoram Eight-Thousander2011-01-05 to 2011-02-12

2011 Gasherbrum II Winter First Ascent Expedition

On February 2, 2011, Simone Moro, Denis Urubko, and Cory Richards completed the historic first winter ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035m), achieving the very first winter conquest of an eight-thousander in Pakistan and the Karakoram range in extreme conditions.

Country: Pakistan
Region: Gilgit-Baltistan / Karakoram
Summit Date: 2011-02-02
The towering snowy pyramid of Gasherbrum II in the Karakoram range of Pakistan, conquered in winter 2011.
Photo by Kuno Lechner / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Editorially Verified
Historical Reference Record

Mountain Safety & Conditions Disclaimer: High-altitude climbing, glacial travel, and technical ascents entail severe objective risks including avalanches, serac collapses, rapid weather collapse, and altitude illness. Historical route descriptions and summit claims on Mountanity reflect documented archival sources and must not be used as live operational safety assessments. Local regulations, permits, and physical glacial topography change continuously.

Peer Review: Senior Editorial Board & Historical Reviewers • Editorial Standards

Published:
Verified:

Official Expedition Narrative & Archival Record

For decades, the Karakoram mountains in Pakistan had resisted every winter ascent due to extreme sub-Arctic latitude, temperatures plummeting to -50°C, and winter jet stream storms far more brutal than the central Himalaya. In January 2011, Italian Simone Moro, Kazakh Denis Urubko, and American photographer Cory Richards arrived on the frozen Baltoro Glacier. Operating in lightweight alpine style without high-altitude porters or supplemental bottled oxygen, the trio established Base Camp at 5,100 meters. Navigating the treacherous Gasherbrum icefall riddled with yawning crevasses, they established Camp I (5,900m) and Camp II (6,500m) under unrelenting blizzards. When a brief weather lull presented itself at the end of January, they pushed up the Southwest Ridge. On February 2, 2011, climbing in temperatures below -45°C with severe frostbite threatening their extremities, Moro, Urubko, and Richards reached the 8,035-meter summit of Gasherbrum II at 11:30 AM local time. Their triumph marked the first winter ascent of an eight-thousander in Karakoram history. During their descent, a colossal powder avalanche swept over all three climbers near Camp I, completely burying them; by a miraculous stroke of fortune, they dug themselves out of the snowdrifts and reached Base Camp alive.

Documented Team Composition

  • Simone Moro (Summit Climber, Italy)
  • Denis Urubko (Summit Climber, Kazakhstan / Poland)
  • Cory Richards (Summit Climber & Photographer, USA)
Organizing Bodies: Club Alpino Italiano (CAI), Alpine Club of Pakistan (ACP), The North Face
Verified Topographic Data

Key Statistics & Topographic Figures

Summit Date
February 2, 2011 (11:30 AM)

First Winter Ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035m)

Karakoram Milestone
1st Winter Summit in Pakistan

Broke 24-Year Karakoram Winter Barrier

American Milestone
Cory Richards First US Winter 8000m

First American Winter Eight-Thousander Summit

Temperature
-46°C on Summit Ridge

Extreme Sub-Arctic Winter Conditions

Survival Feat
Survived Class-Four Avalanche

Dug Out of Snowdrifts on Descent Near Camp I

Historical Evidence & First-Hand Accounts

Archival Primary Source Quotations

“You do not conquer these mountains in winter; you merely ask permission to survive their frozen silence.”

— Denis Urubko (2011)Source: Cold Documentary Interview
Domain Glossary & Definitions

Defined Alpine Terminology & Concepts

Karakoram Winter Barrier
The historical 24-year period between 1987 and 2011 during which all international winter attempts on Pakistan’s five eight-thousanders failed.
Class-Four Avalanche
A massive snow avalanche capable of destroying buildings, snapping mature forests, and entombing mountaineers under thousands of tons of debris.
Citability & Knowledge Retrieval

Frequently Asked Questions: 2011 Gasherbrum II Winter First Ascent Expedition

When was Gasherbrum II first climbed in winter?

Gasherbrum II (8,035m) was first climbed in winter on February 2, 2011, by Simone Moro, Denis Urubko, and Cory Richards.

Who made the first winter ascent of Gasherbrum II?

The climb was achieved by Italian alpinist Simone Moro, Kazakh climber Denis Urubko, and American photographer Cory Richards.

Why was the winter ascent of Gasherbrum II a historic milestone for Pakistan?

It marked the very first winter ascent of an 8,000-metre peak in Pakistan and the entire Karakoram range, breaking a 24-year barrier.

What route did Moro, Urubko, and Richards climb on Gasherbrum II in winter?

They climbed the Southwest Ridge route in alpine style without supplemental oxygen or high-altitude porter support.

What happened to the team during the descent from Gasherbrum II?

A massive powder avalanche swept over all three climbers near Camp I, completely burying them; they managed to dig themselves out and reach Base Camp.

Who was the first American to summit an 8,000-metre peak in winter?

Cory Richards became the first American in history to reach the summit of an 8,000-metre peak in winter upon summiting Gasherbrum II on February 2, 2011.

What temperatures did the climbers endure on Gasherbrum II?

Ambient temperatures reached -46°C on summit day, with wind chill dropping temperatures beneath -60°C on the open Southwest Ridge.

What film was made about the 2011 Gasherbrum II winter ascent?

The expedition was chronicled in the acclaimed documentary Cold by Anson Fogel and Cory Richards, winning the Grand Prize at the Banff Mountain Film Festival.

Ascent Route & Topography

Southwest Ridge (Normal Route) climbing route
🧗Standard / Normal Route
Alpine III+, 55° ice on Banana Ridge, mixed rock bands
+2,935 m

Southwest Ridge (Normal Route)

The Southwest Ridge is the standard and historically celebrated route on Gasherbrum II (8,035m). Starting from the South Gasherbrum Glacier, climbers navigate the heavily crevassed lower icefall into the Gasherbrum Cwm before tackling the technical crux of the route: the steep mixed snow and ice crest known as the Banana Ridge. Above Camp III, the route traverses expansive snow basins into the Death Zone, making a final push up a delicate diagonal couloir to the summit. First climbed in 1956 by an Austrian team, and completed in rapid alpine style in 1982 by Reinhold Messner, Nazir Sabir, and Sher Khan.

Difficulty: Demanding High-Altitude Alpine / Grade IV, AD+
Prime Window: Mid-June to Early August
Known Hazards: 4 major objective risks noted
View Detailed Topography

Target Objective Peak

The glaciated summit pyramid of Gasherbrum II in the Karakoram.
🚩 4 Expeditions
8,035 m
First Ascent: July 7, 1956🧗 1 Route

Gasherbrum II

Gasherbrum II, standing at 8,035 meters (26,362 ft), is the thirteenth-highest mountain on Earth and the third-highest peak of the Gasherbrum massif in the Karakoram. Located at the head of the Baltoro Glacier on the Pakistan-China frontier, it features a classic pyramidal profile with challenging ice couloirs. First summited in 1956 by an Austrian team, it was famously climbed in pure alpine style in 1982 by Reinhold Messner, Nazir Sabir, and Sher Khan.

Explore Peak & Routes

Featured Expedition Climbers

Denis Urubko, elite high-altitude mountaineer and winner of multiple Piolets d'Or.
Kazakhstan / Russia / Poland🏔️ 6 Peaks

Denis Urubko

🏔️ 6 Verified Summits🚩 3 Documented Expeditions

Born on July 29, 1973, in Nevinnomyssk, Soviet Union, Denis Urubko relocated to Almaty, Kazakhstan, where he joined the Central Sports Club of the Kazakh Army under legendary coach Ervand Ilyinsky. Urubko rapidly established himself as an elite high-altitude powerhouse, completing the Snow Leopard award by scaling all five 7,000-metre peaks of the former Soviet Union in an astonishing 42 days during the summer of 1999. In May 2009, he became the fifteenth person in history, and the eighth without supplemental oxygen, to summit all fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. Urubko is revered worldwide for his commitment to alpine style and new routes. In 2005, he established a new route on the Southwest Face of Broad Peak with Serguey Samoilov, followed by a new direct route on the Southeast Face of Cho Oyu in 2009, earning two Piolets d'Or. His partnership with Simone Moro yielded the historic first winter ascents of Makalu (2009) and Gasherbrum II (2011). In January 2018, while participating in the Polish winter K2 expedition, Urubko volunteered alongside Adam Bielecki to execute a desperate night rescue on Nanga Parbat, sprinting 1,200 vertical metres up the Kinshofer Route in pitch darkness to save French climber Élisabeth Revol.

Key Milestone
15th person in history to summit all 14 eight-thousanders, accomplished completely without supplemental oxygen
View Climber Record
Italian mountaineer Simone Moro, the only person to claim first winter ascents of four eight-thousanders.
Italy🏔️ 5 Peaks

Simone Moro

🏔️ 5 Verified Summits🚩 4 Documented Expeditions

Born on October 27, 1967, in Bergamo, Italy, Simone Moro began rock climbing in the Bergamasque Alps at age thirteen. After qualifying as an instructor and mountain guide, he turned his focus to the Greater Ranges, pioneering lightweight alpine tactics on extreme Himalayan faces. In an era when most major high-altitude triumphs took place in pre-monsoon summer, Moro became the defining force behind the revival of winter eight-thousander expeditions. On January 14, 2005, Moro and Polish partner Piotr Morawski achieved the historic first winter ascent of Shishapangma (8,027m). He followed this triumph on February 9, 2009, by teaming with Denis Urubko to claim the first winter ascent of Makalu (8,485m), enduring temperatures lower than -40°C. In February 2011, Moro, Urubko, and Cory Richards completed the first winter ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035m), surviving a catastrophic avalanche during their descent. On February 26, 2016, Moro etched his fourth winter summit into history by reaching the top of Nanga Parbat (8,126m) with Alex Txikon and Muhammad Ali Sadpara. In addition to his winter summits, Moro is an accomplished commercial helicopter pilot who has performed numerous record-breaking high-altitude rescues in the Himalayas, including the Fair Play Pierre de Coubertin World Trophy awarded after he aborted his 2001 Lhotse ascent at 8,000 metres to save British climber Tom Moores in darkness.

Key Milestone
First winter ascent of Shishapangma (8,027m) on January 14, 2005, with Piotr Morawski
View Climber Record

Associated Historical Chronicles & Stories

Documented Sources & Archival Citations

  • American Alpine Journal: Gasherbrum II, First Winter Ascent(American Alpine Club)

    Supporting claim: Official account and comprehensive climb analysis of the first Karakoram winter ascent

    Accessed/Documented: 2012
  • National Geographic: Cold — The Story of Winter Gasherbrum II(National Geographic Society)

    Supporting claim: Award-winning documentary and field reporting by Cory Richards on the historic winter climb and avalanche survival

    Accessed/Documented: 2011